Under the Trump Administration, the United States has made American leadership in quantum information science (QIS) a critical priority for ensuring our Nation’s long-term economic prosperity and national security. Harnessing the novel properties of quantum physics has the potential to yield transformative new technologies, such as quantum computers, quantum sensors, and quantum networks. The United States has taken significant action to strengthen Federal investments in QIS research and development (R&D) and prepare a quantum-ready workforce. In 2018, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) released the National Strategic Overview for Quantum Information Science, the U.S. national strategy for leadership in QIS. Following the strategy, President Trump signed the bipartisan National Quantum Initiative Act into law, which bolstered R&D spending and established the National Quantum Coordination Office (NQCO) to increase the coordination of quantum policy and investments across the Federal Government. Building upon these efforts, the Quantum Frontiers Report on Community Input to the Nation’s Strategy for Quantum Information Science outlines eight frontiers that contain core problems with fundamental questions confronting QIS today: • Expanding Opportunities for Quantum Technologies to Benefit Society • Building the Discipline of Quantum Engineering • Targeting Materials Science for Quantum Technologies• Exploring Quantum Mechanics through Quantum Simulations • Harnessing Quantum Information Technology for Precision Measurements • Generating and Distributing Quantum Entanglement for New Applications • Characterizing and Mitigating Quantum Errors • Understanding the Universe through Quantum Information These frontier areas, identified by the QIS research community, are priorities for the government, private sector, and academia to explore in order to drive breakthrough R&D. As background for this report, Federal agencies on the National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on QIS have engaged with the QIS research community through public requests for information (RFI) [1] and through a series of QIS workshops, roundtables, and technical studies led by experts and stakeholders in the QIS R&D community. The NQCO analyzed the RFI responses and workshop readouts and found several recurring themes. This report summarizes and organizes the community input in order to focus the Nation’s QIS research, academic, private sector, and Federal Government leaders on frontiers where key questions must be answered to enable the full potential of QIS. The Trump Administration remains committed to maintaining and strengthening America’s QIS leadership and unleashing the promise of this emerging field to improve the prosperity, security, and well-being of the American people.

政策规划 美NSF投资2500万美元启动新的量子科学和工程研究中心 1 美DOE投资1.15亿美元用于先锋量子技术研发 3 项目信息 “精密探测金属表面噪声和环境磁场的囚禁离子探针的实验探究”项目启动会在精密测量院召开 5 研究进展 Metrologia|原子重力梯度仪的自吸效应 7 Metrologia|基于新型双折射和游标效应的光子晶体光纤Sagnac干涉仪的传感特性 7 Metrologia|改进的拉曼脉冲序列，可用于原子干涉仪的旋转测量 8 Metrologia|171Yb的1S0–3P0跃迁的绝对频率测量，与国际原子时间有关 9 SCIENCE|基于HD+激光光谱的质子电子质量比达到万亿分之一精度 10 NAT PHYS|高保真纠缠和碱土里德堡原子的探测 11 Phys Rev Applied|使用功率调制抑制原子钟中光移的一般方法 12 领域要闻 英量子技术中心|量子传感器进入日常生活未来可期 13 英国家量子技术展展示了量子技术的显著影响力 14 英量子专家提醒重视新一代传感器研发 16 武汉市副市长调研精密测量院共谋量子技术产业发展 18 会议信息 “基于原子的精密测量物理”先导B 2020年学术年会召开 20 英ISCF召开“将量子科学变成工程现实”研讨会 21

政策规划 美《量子前沿》报告提出优先发展量子测量 1 英加联合启动世界上第一个量子技术计划 2 研究进展 NATURE|集成光学多离子量子逻辑 4 SCIENCE|在光阱中相干形成单个分子 5 SCIENCE |分子光电离中的仄秒时间延迟 7 NAT PHYS|通过很长的基线干涉仪进行光学原子钟的洲际比较 8 NATURE|离子量子比特的集成多波长控制 9 SCIENCE|衍射极限下的平行单次测量和固态自旋的相干控制 10 Phys. Rev. Lett.|6,7Li+离子的超精细结构和Zemach半径的精确计算 11 Metrologia|171Yb光学晶格时钟几乎连续运行半年 12 Quantum Sci. Technol.|多原子分子作为量子传感器的基础物理 13 领域要闻 光明日报|量子科技：从基础到应用 14 量子冷原子传感器有望用于地下能源探测 17 英大学和企业合作宣布开发新一代传感器技术 19 AIST开发出非常稳定的掌上型小原子钟 21

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基于战略规划的精密原子学科发展态势分析显示，原子钟（尤其是小型化原子钟、光钟）、量子传感、量子模拟、超强超快（比如，阿秒激光）、LIDAR、光学成像与光谱分析、便携式频率梳、窄带激光光源、低温量子比特、冷原子（比如，BEC）、离子阱等精密原子研究方向受到世界科技强国的普遍重视。并且，冷原子和冷分子、量子重力仪、冷原子干涉技术、原子钟、基于超快超强的原子分子研究等精密原子的主流研究领域，对于我国科技、经济、国防、日常生活等领域均至关重要。